IMPERIUM ROMANUM

Pantheon, in other words, “Temple of all Gods” is a round temple built in 125 CE in honor of the seven most important Roman deities. The name functions less frequently: Pantheum. In that way it appeared in “Natural History” Pliny the Elder (XXXVI.38) in description of that building: Agrippae Pantheum decoravit Diogenes Atheniensis; in columnis templi eius Caryatides probantur inter pauca operum, sicut in fastigio posita signa, sed propter altitudinem loci minus celebrata.

In 204 BCE situation of Carthage in second Punic war was already hard, Spain was lost and Masynissa king of Numidia went to the side of Rome after Carthaginians betrayed him and supported his rival Syfax, who was crowned by them as next Numidian king. Hannibal stayed constantly in Italia, but not as triumphant winner. Commander survived difficulty in the south of Apenine peninsula, his army was broken and there was no chance for any support.

Nero was born as Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbuson 15 December 37CE in Antium near Rome. This emperor ruled as the fifth in turn and passed into history as one of the tyrants. He was the only son of Dimities Ahenobarbus (of bad reputation) and of Agrippina the Younger, daughter of Germanicus, and sister of Caligula. He was being taught by Seneca the Younger and, contrary to the generally prevailing opinion (from the historian Tacitus), he had a great talent for poetry and acting.

Civil war still ongoing after death Gaius Julius Caesar was extremely devastating for the Roman state. United forces of three triumvirates: Mark Aemilius Lepidus, Mark Antony and Augustus destroyed the Republican army: Brutus and Gaius Cassius in battle of Philippi.

After Hannibal passed through the Alps and reorganized the troops, the whole Italy in danger. Thus the Senate sent two consular armies, one of Publius Cornelius Scipioand the other of Sempronius Longus, but they were defeated by the River Trebia in 218 BCE.

Masada was an ancient Jewish stronghold located on the top of single plateau on the west edge of Judaica desert near Dead Sea in Israel. According to the legend it was here, where future king David found a shelter after his escape from king Saul.

Music was a part of ancient Roman culture from the earliest times. The same situation was according to Greece. Most pieces of their culture were taken exactly from Greeks. There was no different in case of music.

The Flavian Amphitheatre, Colosseum(Amphitheatrum Flavium, Colosseum) is enormous bulding in round shape intended for the Games, which included wrestling, gladiators duels, fights with wild animals and naval battles so called naumachiae. According to the tradition Christians were murdered there, what was commemorated by a cross within building. This thesis is currently being questioned by some part of scientists.

Augustus was the first emperor of Rome in history. At a young age, he was recognized as the main heir to the murdered Caesar, which brought him to the political scene and the final process of the Republic's downfall. Despite his poor health, he proved the ambition and determination that led him to take power.

Roman system uses the Etruscan numerals which the Romans borrowed and modified in c. 500 BCE.

Central place in the eldest Roman pantheon belonged to the triad consisting of Jupiter, Mars, Quirinus, but also Janus and Vesta. In the beginning they did not have any individual traits, spouses and genealogy.

Prostitution in ancient Rome was a common thing. A demand for such services was huge and therefore the growth of prostitution should not wonder. Rome, as a creator of law which still remains one of the pillars of our civilization, was also trying to regulate the issue of sexual services.